Thomas blancharjq



' To aZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, THOMAS BLANcHARD,

' UNITED sTATEs f PATENT oEEioEe THOMAS BLANCHARD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

yivLaciIIivE EOE ivioETisIive soun WOODEN sHELLs E sHIPs TAoKEEBLooKs;

Specification of Letters Patent No. 5, dated August 10, 1836.

lateY of Springfield, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, but now ofy the city, county, and State of New York, have made and adapted to use certain new and useful improvements in machinery for bor- .ing and mort-ising solid wooden shellsl of ships tackle-blocks, which machinery is als0 applicable to other similar purposes, and

which machinery and my improvements and, the mode of constructing and using the same'I are correctly and fully set forth in the following description Yand in the drawing nexed hereunto and making `a part of this specification, wherein Figure 1, is Van orthographical projection of the whole ma-` chine, and Fig. 2, are representations of cer-v tain parts,'shown detached for the vpurpose of more clearlyy elucidatingthe same, the

saine letters, and figuresv of reference being employed to 4denote the similar or corresponding part lin all the several figures.

' A, AA, A, are four vertical posts, B, B,

B, B, are four cross timbers, andC, C, are two lengthwise timbers.

machinery is Xed for work, and are represented as of wood, but may be made of iron.l Upon each of the upper pair of cross frame.

pieces B, is fixed a metal railway A, A, serving as tracks, and guides for four rollers b, b, b, Z), having flanges ony the inner edges to keep them in place. These rollers carry the two longitudinal arbors c, o, and upon edges of the interior longitudinalslide frame.

c, in which are four connectin cross bars eZ, CZ, cZ, cZ, vthe tw'oright hand of these being fitted with slots in the front ends, over these slot-s is placed the carriage bar e, having in it the screw center pivot f, with a wide thumb iece for conveniently turning the screw. At the back of the slide frame c, is a bearing block 'f/,Vandcorresponding with that, and the bar e, is the bearer bar h, made with flat fianged ends having slots which allow it to be placed at the needful distance, both from the block g, and the center bar e. Thespur plate, and block i, are set into the block g, so as to overlay, and be supported by the bar h,

and the position ofthe spur Z is regulated by- These forni the standard frame on which the whole of' the laat the back of the block g, Von which a the back lcenter screw j, fixed on the stirrup i small screw fixes the position of the spur z',

when once regulated for the purposes hereafter described.

yOn the two bars, eZ, CZ, at the left hand partA of'V the slide-frame O, is a smaller interior slide frame D, retained in place by the'four slide pieces Z, Z, Z, Z, and having al horizontalV motion which is directed, and regulated by the tooth rack M, `having geared into it the j pinion N, set on the arbor O, which is mounted in the bearings p, p, having the ,crank handle g, atthe outer end. Upon the yframe D, are fixed the two bearings r, 7, inwhich drum, or pulley t, fitted on it, which maybe arrangedy so as to be connectedV to a prime mover in any effectual mechanical manner. Upon, or in the nose of the mandril S, is

k,theaugerniandrel S, is mounted having the fitted the screw auger U, which maybe made j to shift so as to fixv an auger of any required size. Immediately below the right f hand part of the traverse l frame B, upon `the back part of the two lengthwise timbers O,

C, are screwed two vertical slide pieces o, 22,'A

and in these is the Vertical slide frame E, having two cross bars on which are fixed the bearing fw, fw, so as to'receive the vertical mandril, or bit stock x, working ,in a'pivot on the lower bearing, and having a socket, or

female screwto receive the bit y, the shaft of which is solid steel, or good case'hardened iron the top being so fitted on one side that the steel cutter e, may be put in, and held securely by a screw cut in from the oppositeside of the bit, and finished with a countersink flush head, having a notch inthemanel ner of a common wood screw used by carpenters, and when thus finished as ishown in the detached Fig. 2, the cutting. part of-1- this belt is Very similar to theibit technically -known by the name of the i spoon bit. y

Upon the bit stock, or mandrel X, is the drum, or pulley Z1, fittedV to communicate a through these eyes is rove the cord X1,`the i` ends of which are connected to .thehorizon tal winch 71, set in gearings hung under the upper frame piecerC, and having the ratchet wheel V?, and crank handle fw?, on

its outer end, the long pawl t, being fixed very rapid rotary motion to the bit (y, by la' 'I i on the lower cross bearer B, so that by its .action through the ratchet wheel V1, italways bears the standing weight of the frame E.

Upon the side of the right hand post A, is fixed the vertical lever S, connected by the strap r1, to the treadle g1, over the small pulley P1, fixed on a standing bracket, or carriage on the cross frame B; above this is the lower slide bar O1, having a ratchet pawl w1, above the slide bar fitted on a small Vcarriage having a slot and screw to adjust it for ratching into the upper part of the wheel V1, at the proper time of doing so when in motion as hereafter described, and a reversed pawl M1, on the other side of the ratchet wheel V1, acting below and-downward, and xed with screws in a slot. Above and on the inside of the vertical lever S1, is the connectingbar Z1, madeV in two parts, one part connected by a pin joint at one end` to the lever S1, and the other part connected at the opposite end to one corner of the traverse frame B, the required distance between the lever S1, VandY the cornerV of the frame B, being maintained and regulated by slots in one part through which screws go into the other part-so' as to holdV the two parts to any desired adjust-ment of their joint length. On the back posts A, A, are two bearings L1, k1, in which the crank shaft j1, revolves, the motion being given by a belt from any first mover to the drum, or pulley 1. These in practice may be fixed to any convenient part of the building wherein the machine is fixed for use. On the crank shaft outside the drum 1, is a square head in which is a mortise made to receive the shifting crank arm, and pin h1, which is secured at any required radius by a screw, or gibs, and keys, or in any effective mechanical manner.

The walking beam g1, is coupled on the pin of the crank arm h1, and is made of a length to reach the tenon at the top of the vertical lever s1, which enters and is Vconnected with the walking beam at that part by a mortise made for that purpose.

Immediately over the spoon bit Y, are fixed two vertical pieces of timber F, F, shown in the drawing as fixed to the frame, but which in practice for use 'in a full sized machine may be best hung and braced securely from the fioor above the machine, or if made of iron may be fixed steadily in a standard frame rising out of the main body of the machine. Upon these timbers F, F, are fixed two slide guide pieces f1, f1, and between them is the slide e1, having mounted on it at the lower end a metal vertical plane, with a cutter, and mortise d1, both stock and cutter formed nearly in the way as the common carpenters rebate plane, except that the cutter is set square, and near the point in the plane stock which descends some distance below the slide e1 to the upper end 'of the slide e1. The connecting rod or pitman piece c1, is jointed, and is regulated so as to ascend to, and be coupled onto a crank on a horizontal shaft fixed in vertical bearing carriages secured to the frame, or Hoor above the machine, and having drums orpulleys to connect the working parts last described to a first moving power, which drums, or pulleys to avoid complexity are not shown in the drawings. Underneath the traverse frame B, is the hand lever b1, having'its fulcrum jointed on a crutch screwed into, and extending beyond v Vframe C, is a'stud working into a slot in the lever b1. 'By this lever, and slot the workman can move the slide frame e, longitudinally inside the traverse frame B, and fix it at any required adjustment as follows. The index gage plate a1, is screwed on the upper side of t-he front of the traverse frame B, having holes in its length, and slots near the ends by which it can be screwed in any definite position within -the limits of itsA size, theV holes beingV index gages or numbered joints mto denote the distance it is required to move the slide frame C, in the large frame B, to place the block over the bit y, so as to obtain any required number, and distance in mortises. Upon the frame C, is fixed the tail of the index spring a2, into anyhole in the index gage plate a1, and thereby secure the slide frame Z, as may be required for the following purposes. When it is desired to make the mortise in a ships tackle block for the reception of the sheave, and bore it for the pin, the machine as before described is first to be carefully adjusted by measure to the proper position for obtaining the required size, and position of mortise, and pin hole, and also have all the working parts duly connected to a first moving power. A block of the required size having been shapedY from the rough wood, and having at the part intended for the head a center mark to be entered by the screw center f,

ion

and at the part termed by block makers t-he arse VThree spur marks corresponding to the spurs 1n the spur platel z', is to be placed between these two points in the frame Q, and tightly screwed in by the screw center f; the workman then, byA putting his foot on the treadle g1, forces the, lever S1, toward the back of the machine, where the pawl u1, taking into the teeth of the ratchet wheel w1, forces it around in the same direction'carrying the winch w1, around, and winding the cord x1 around it so as to raise the bit frame E, and bring the spoon bit y, up near the block, and returning the lever S1, back by hand the reverse pawl m, t-akes into the ratchet wheelv1, and again lifts the spoon bit y, nearer the block, or in a small machine the worlnnan may accomplish this objectV by turning the crank handle u1, in the same direction.

The walking beam g having previously hung out of gear on a hook is now brought down for the upper point of the lever S to enter the mortise prepared for it, and being moved alternately back and forward by the crank arm hf, operates through the lower slide bar o', and the pawls n', and m, and ratchet wheel o, and winch w, and cord m', to raise the frame E, and spoon bit y, a certain regulated distance at each alternation of the lever S. While this is doing alternations of the lever S', operating through the connecting bar Z, on the traverse frame B, will carry it' back, and forward on the rollers b, b, b, by The length of the mortise required to be made in the block by which the spoon bit y, is made to cut horizontally as well as vertically, and thus make a mortise having two round ends through the block, whose length is regulated both by the radius of the shifting crank arm 71X, and by two metal gage i stops xed on the right hand upper crossframe B, and made with slots through which they can be screwed to, and maintained in .any required position. So soon as the spoon bit y, commences to cut, the workman should set the auger u, to bore the pinhole in the block by turning the crank handle g, and sending the auger up to, and through the block that is being operated on, it being a saving of time to effect this operation while the spoon bit is cutting the mortise, and before that can come so high as to touch the auger while boring the pinhole. l/Vhen these operations are thus far completed, the workman lifts 0E the walking frame g', from the upper end of the lever S', and first securing the frame B, in the proper position with the front arbor C, against the front gage stop, he lowers the frame E, by the winch lw", and raises it so as to make the bit y, cut a clean round end to the head part of the mortise in the block operated on, and when this is iinished he. lowers the frame E, so as to take the spoon bit out of the way, and draws the frame B, forward so as to stop the inside of the backv arbor C, against the back lgage stop, and holding it there, puts the crank shaft into operation, which sets the square, or arising chisel el', into work, and this by a rapid alternation of descent, and ascent cuts out the opposite vor as it is. technically termed the arse end of the mortise square, and the workman now puts the chisel d', out of gear, and removes the block,

whose mortise is now so far finished to make room for others in succession to be mortised in t-he same way.

And I the said THoMAs BLANCHARD do hereby declare that I do claim as my inventionl. The movable cutter, or lip to the spoon bit as thesame is herein specifically described. y

2. And I do herein further claim as my invention that hereinbefore specified arrangement of machinery, and tools by which the workman is enabled to bore the hole in a block for the sheave pin at the same time that the mortise is being made for the sheave.

3. And I also claim as my invention the application of a cutter fixed in a metal plane stock similar to the rebate plane in such a way that the lower or arse end of a block may be nished with a square end Y V to the mortise .for the sheave without being moved from that part of the machine wherein the mortise has been made.

4. I also claim as my invention the application of the index gage plate with numbered holes, and the index spring plates,

and stud to regulate the working of the machinery so as to bore at any required distance any number of mortises or blocks l so far as the size of the machine will allow.

5. And I do hereby declare that I do not claim as my invention any other of the several parts of the said machine, the same lligaving been long previously well known.

6. I do further, and finally claim as my invention that entire mechanical arrangement of other well known parts in combination with parts invented, and brought into use by me, that is hereinbefore substantially described, and set forth as my new, and useful improvement in machinery for mortising and boring ships tackle blocks, which machinery may also be made applicallolek to other useful purposes of a similar (ind. y

7 And I claim as my invention, and im' Trios. BLANCHARD.

Witnesses yJOHN N. TAYLOR, JAS. I-I. SANFORD. 

